Numerical simulation of tensile strength of upset welded joints with experimental verification

Resistance upset welding (UW) is a widely used process for joining metal parts. In this process current, time and upsetting force are three parameters that affect the quality of welded products. This paper considers numerical simulation and experimental investigation of UW process parameters. The investigated parameters include heating and post-weld heating current and their corresponding duration as well as interference of the part features that form the joint. In this study, evaluation of tensile strength of the welded joint with variation of the process parameters is also reported. For numerical analysis, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model using a coupled electro-thermal finite element method is developed to study the thermal behavior of the welded joints. The results of this numerical simulation are used to determine the status of the weldment and therefore evaluate the quality of the weld at the joint. Both numerical and experimental results suggest an optimum set of welding parameters, i.e. time and electrical current that yields a maximum value for the tensile strength of the joint. Also the effects of post-weld heating time and current on the tensile strength are evaluated and show that these parameters have a remarkable effect on improving tensile strength of the weldment.     

Automated system for controlling the process of CO2 welding with pulsed wire feed and welding current modulation

An automated system for consumable electrode welding with pulsed wire feed and arc current modulation is proposed. The circuit diagram and operating principle of automated control of the welding process and also welding equipment are described.     

High‐current lightning discharges in winter

Lightning electric‐field waveforms related to power line faults in winter have been identified. Most of those waveforms appear to be associated with upward lightning discharges with absolute peak currents of over 100 kA. They are quite different from common return‐stroke waveforms, and the lightning discharges which produce these characteristic waveforms are called GC (Ground to Cloud) flashes. These high‐current lightning discharges are distributed around the coastline in different ways depending on their polarities. The spatial distributions of high‐current lightning discharges around Japan are also investigated. It is revealed that the region of Honshu Island along the coastline of the Sea of Japan belongs to the area in which the density of high‐current lightning flashes is the highest in Japan through the year. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(1): 8–15, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20874     

基于AMESim的双电机消隙伺服系统的仿真分析

在大惯量负载精密跟踪雷达伺服系统中,齿隙会影响系统跟踪精度和稳定性.文中利用AMEsim提供的机械库、电机驱动库、信号库、动力传动库完成仿真模型的建立.通过采用双电机消隙驱动系统,消除了齿隙对跟踪性能的影响.另外,还对影响系统跟踪性能的多个环节进行了仿真分析.AMESim软件在系统设计、调试、验证中起到很好的作用.     

供电整流系统技术优化与改进

根据变电所供电整流系统直流电流由150kA强化至160～170kA的目标，提出设备改进优化的方案，以达到提高供电系统的安全性和增产降耗的目的。     

分解区域方法在涡流检测仿真中的应用

随着现代制造业的发展,涡流检测仿真问题日渐复杂。传统的单一求解区域方法的运用遇到瓶颈,而分解区域方法将复杂的单一区域上的求解转化为较简单的若干个子区域上的求解,克服了传统方法遇到的困难。该文主要介绍分解区域方法在涡流检测仿真中的应用。     

Configurable analogue building blocks for field-programmable analogue arrays

In this article, the design of configurable analogue blocks for field programmable analogue arrays is presented. The configurable blocks are capable of performing integration, differentiation, amplification, log, anti-log, add and negate functions. The realisation of these functions depends on differential continuous-time current-mode translinear loop techniques. To maintain high frequency operation, the programmability and configurability of the blocks are achieved by modifying the block's biasing conditions digitally. Simulation results for the presented circuits are included.     

Effects of the PWM carrier signals synchronization on the DC-link current in back-to-back converters

This paper presents a study about the synchronization effects of the PWM carrier signals of a back-to-back converter for grid connection of Wind Energy Conversion Systems based on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators. It is demonstrated by means of a spectral analysis that, with the proper synchronization of the carrier signals of both the rectifier and inverter stages, the rms value of the current through the DC-link capacitors is greatly reduced. As a result, the number of capacitors needed to build the back-to-back converter decreases, whereas its life cycle is expanded, so that the Wind Energy Conversion System becomes more cost effective. It is shown that the worst case occurs when the phase difference between both carrier signals is ±π/2, yielding the highest rms value of the DC-link capacitors current. In that case the harmonic with the highest rms value is located at twice the switching frequency. The theoretical analysis is compared with experimental results from a 10 kW back-to-back converter in order to validate the effects of the carrier signals phase shift on the DC-link capacitors current.     

对IEC标准低压线路过载保护公式调查的回顾

建筑电气中的低压线路过载保护是大家非常熟悉的安全要求,但IEC标准过载保护公式（2）I2≤1.45IZ却被认为是个令人难以理解的公式。作者20年前参编《低压配电设计规范》时曾在国外对IEC制订该公式的来由进行过调查。作者回顾当年调查所得信息结合本人的理解,书成此文供读者参考。     

Dye-sensitized solar cells: A brief overview

The aim of this brief review is to give a short and simple overview of the dye-sensitized solar cell technology from the working principles to the first commercial applications. It emphasizes the role of the sensitizer and the strategies to improve the performances of the dye as well as some recent development aiming to answer specific issues.